plaque psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes well-defined, raised, scaly patches called plaques. It is driven by immune-mediated inflammation and faster-than-normal skin cell turnover. It is most commonly discussed in dermatology, but it is also relevant in cosmetic and reconstructive settings because it affects visible skin and can influence procedure planning. It can flare and quiet over time, and severity varies by person and context.

psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory condition that most commonly affects the skin and sometimes the nails and joints. It typically appears as well-demarcated, red plaques with scale, with flares and periods of relative quiet. Clinicians use the term in dermatology, primary care, and rheumatology, and it is also relevant in cosmetic and reconstructive planning. In aesthetic and plastic surgery settings, psoriasis matters because skin inflammation can influence procedure selection, timing, and wound healing considerations.

dyshidrotic eczema is an inflammatory skin condition that causes small, itchy blisters on the hands and/or feet. It most often affects the sides of the fingers, palms, and soles. It is used as a clinical diagnosis in general dermatology and can also be relevant in cosmetic and reconstructive care when hand or foot skin health affects procedures and healing. It tends to occur in flares, with symptoms that may come and go.

nummular eczema is an inflammatory skin condition that forms round or “coin-shaped” patches of irritated skin. It is commonly itchy and can look red, scaly, weepy, or crusted depending on the stage. Clinicians also call it *nummular dermatitis*, and it is used in both medical dermatology and pre-procedure skin assessment in cosmetic and reconstructive settings.

irritant contact dermatitis is a skin inflammation caused by direct damage from an irritating substance or repeated exposure. It is not an allergy, and it does not require prior “sensitization” to develop. It commonly appears where cosmetics, skincare, adhesives, disinfectants, or friction contact the skin. It matters in both cosmetic and reconstructive settings because it can affect skin comfort, healing, and how products are tolerated.

Allergic contact dermatitis is an immune-mediated skin reaction that happens after the skin touches a substance an individual is sensitized to. It is a *delayed* allergy (often appearing hours to days after exposure), not an immediate “hives” reaction. It commonly affects areas exposed to cosmetics, topical products, metals, adhesives, gloves, and medical dressings. In cosmetic and reconstructive care, it matters because it can mimic infection or irritation around procedures, wound sites, and devices.

contact dermatitis is skin inflammation caused by direct contact with an irritating substance or an allergen. It typically appears as redness, itching, scaling, and sometimes blisters limited to the area of exposure. It is commonly discussed in both cosmetic and reconstructive care because many products touch the skin before, during, and after procedures. It can affect surgical planning and recovery when it involves adhesives, topical products, metals, or wound dressings.

atopic dermatitis is a common, long-term (chronic) inflammatory skin condition often described as “eczema.” It typically causes dry skin, itching, and recurring rashes that can vary by age and body area. In cosmetic and plastic surgery settings, it matters because skin barrier health can affect comfort, healing, and irritation from products, dressings, or procedures. It is relevant in both cosmetic and reconstructive care when planning treatments that interact with sensitive or inflamed skin.

seborrheic dermatitis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes flaking (scale) and redness in oily skin areas. It most often affects the scalp, eyebrows, sides of the nose, ears, eyelids, beard area, and upper chest. It is a medical dermatology diagnosis that frequently overlaps with cosmetic concerns because it can be visible and recurrent. It can also matter in reconstructive settings when skin irritation affects wound healing planning, timing, or skin preparation.

rhinophyma is a benign, progressive thickening and enlargement of the skin and soft tissue of the nose. It is most commonly considered a late manifestation of rosacea, especially the phymatous subtype. It can change nasal shape, texture, and pore appearance, and sometimes affects nasal airflow. The term is used in both cosmetic care (appearance-focused reshaping) and reconstructive care (restoring contour and function).

ocular rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the eyes and eyelids, often alongside facial rosacea. It commonly causes redness, irritation, dryness, and eyelid margin inflammation. In cosmetic and reconstructive practice, it is most relevant because it can influence eye comfort, healing, and the appearance of the eyelids and ocular surface. It is discussed in both medical eye care and periocular (around-the-eye) aesthetic planning.

phymatous rosacea is a subtype of rosacea characterized by gradual skin thickening and an irregular, bumpy surface. It most commonly affects the nose (often called rhinophyma), but it can involve the chin, forehead, ears, or eyelids. It is discussed in both medical dermatology and cosmetic/plastic surgery because it can change facial contour and symmetry. It may also affect function in some cases, such as nasal airflow, depending on severity and anatomy.

papulopustular rosacea is a chronic inflammatory facial skin condition that causes acne-like bumps on a background of redness. It commonly affects the central face (cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin) and may flare and settle over time. The term is used in medical dermatology and aesthetic care because it can affect appearance, skin texture, and tolerance of cosmetic procedures. It is not the same as acne, even though the bumps can look similar.

erythematotelangiectatic rosacea is a subtype of rosacea marked by persistent facial redness and visible small blood vessels. It commonly affects the central face, such as the cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin. In cosmetic and plastic surgery settings, it is discussed because it changes skin tone uniformity and can influence procedure planning. It is also used in general dermatology to describe a vascular-predominant pattern of chronic facial erythema.

rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that most often affects the central face. It commonly causes persistent redness, visible small blood vessels, and flare-ups that can look acne-like. Some forms involve eye irritation and, less commonly, thickening of facial skin (often on the nose). It is discussed in both medical dermatology and cosmetic facial practice because it can affect appearance and procedural planning.

post-inflammatory erythema is a persistent pink, red, or purplish discoloration that remains after skin inflammation has improved. It reflects changes in superficial blood vessels and blood flow rather than extra pigment. It is commonly discussed in cosmetic dermatology, acne care, and post-procedure follow-up. It can also appear after reconstructive or traumatic skin injury when healing leaves visible redness.

post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a darkening of the skin that appears after inflammation or injury. It reflects extra melanin (pigment) deposited in the epidermis and/or dermis as the skin heals. It is commonly discussed in cosmetic and dermatologic care, and it is also relevant in reconstructive settings where scars and skin injury are present. It is a descriptive diagnosis (a “what happened”) rather than a single procedure or product.

hormonal acne is acne that is strongly influenced by hormonal signaling, especially androgens, and often follows a predictable pattern of flares. It commonly presents with inflammatory bumps along the lower face (jawline, chin, and neck), though other areas can be involved. It is a clinical description used in medical dermatology and aesthetic care to guide evaluation and treatment selection. It matters in cosmetic practice because ongoing acne can affect skin texture, pigmentation, and the timing and choice of scar and resurfacing procedures.

acne fulminans is a rare, sudden-onset, severe form of inflammatory acne that can cause painful ulcerating lesions. It may be accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and joint or bone pain. It is primarily a medical dermatology diagnosis, but it can have major cosmetic and reconstructive implications due to scarring. In aesthetic and plastic surgery contexts, it is most often discussed because of the scars it may leave behind and the timing of scar procedures.

acne conglobata is a severe, chronic form of inflammatory acne with deep nodules, cyst-like lesions, and draining sinus tracts. It often involves clusters of interconnected lesions that can lead to prominent scarring. It is used as a clinical diagnosis in dermatology and can become relevant in cosmetic and reconstructive planning because of scarring. In plastic surgery settings, it is most commonly discussed when addressing acne-related scars or complex, inflamed lesions that affect contour and skin quality.